Comprehensive Guide to the Analog and Digital Electronics

Syllabus Content

1. Differential, Multi-stage, and Operational Amplifiers (10 Hours)

  • Differential amplifier design and applications
  • Power amplifiers and direct-coupled multi-stage amplifiers
  • Internal structure and ideal characteristics of operational amplifiers
  • Non-idealities in op-amps:
    • Output offset voltage
    • Input bias current
    • Slew rate
    • Gain bandwidth product

2. Linear Applications of Op-Amps (10 Hours)

  • Analysis of ideal op-amp circuits:
    • Inverting and non-inverting amplifiers
    • Differential amplifiers and instrumentation amplifiers
  • Applications:
    • Active filters, integrators, voltage regulators
    • Oscillators: Wein bridge and phase shift
    • P, PI, PID controllers and lead/lag compensators

3. Non-linear Applications of Op-Amps (8 Hours)

  • Hysteretic comparators, zero-crossing detectors
  • Square-wave and triangular-wave generators
  • Precision rectifiers and peak detectors

4. Combinational Digital Circuits (10 Hours)

  • Boolean algebra and logic simplification using Karnaugh Maps (K-maps)
  • Circuit design with multiplexers, de-multiplexers, and decoders
  • Adders, subtractors, ALU design, and MSI chips
  • Digital comparators, parity checkers, and priority encoders

5. Sequential Circuits and Systems (10 Hours)

  • Memory elements, flip-flops (SR, JK, D, T types)
  • Design and applications of shift registers and counters
  • Sequence generation and asynchronous sequential counters

6. A/D and D/A Converters (8 Hours)

  • Digital-to-Analog (D/A) Conversion:
    • Weighted resistor method
    • R-2R Ladder D/A converters
  • Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Conversion:
    • Successive approximation, parallel comparator, and dual-slope techniques
    • Specifications and practical examples
Scroll to Top