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Syllabus Content
1. Differential, Multi-stage, and Operational Amplifiers (10 Hours)
- Differential amplifier design and applications
- Power amplifiers and direct-coupled multi-stage amplifiers
- Internal structure and ideal characteristics of operational amplifiers
- Non-idealities in op-amps:
- Output offset voltage
- Input bias current
- Slew rate
- Gain bandwidth product
2. Linear Applications of Op-Amps (10 Hours)
- Analysis of ideal op-amp circuits:
- Inverting and non-inverting amplifiers
- Differential amplifiers and instrumentation amplifiers
- Applications:
- Active filters, integrators, voltage regulators
- Oscillators: Wein bridge and phase shift
- P, PI, PID controllers and lead/lag compensators
3. Non-linear Applications of Op-Amps (8 Hours)
- Hysteretic comparators, zero-crossing detectors
- Square-wave and triangular-wave generators
- Precision rectifiers and peak detectors
4. Combinational Digital Circuits (10 Hours)
- Boolean algebra and logic simplification using Karnaugh Maps (K-maps)
- Circuit design with multiplexers, de-multiplexers, and decoders
- Adders, subtractors, ALU design, and MSI chips
- Digital comparators, parity checkers, and priority encoders
5. Sequential Circuits and Systems (10 Hours)
- Memory elements, flip-flops (SR, JK, D, T types)
- Design and applications of shift registers and counters
- Sequence generation and asynchronous sequential counters
6. A/D and D/A Converters (8 Hours)
- Digital-to-Analog (D/A) Conversion:
- Weighted resistor method
- R-2R Ladder D/A converters
- Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Conversion:
- Successive approximation, parallel comparator, and dual-slope techniques
- Specifications and practical examples